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| Empirical estimate of the reliability of the use of the Point-Centred Quarter Method (PCQM): Solutions to ambiguous field situations and description of the PCQM+ protocol Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; Koedam, N. (2006). Empirical estimate of the reliability of the use of the Point-Centred Quarter Method (PCQM): Solutions to ambiguous field situations and description of the PCQM+ protocol. Forest Ecol. Manag. 228(1-3): 1-18. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.076
In: Forest Ecology and Management. Elsevier/Elsevier Science: Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo. ISSN 0378-1127; e-ISSN 1872-7042
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After proving that multiple- and single-stemmed trees have different silvimetric characteristics, we adopted an empirical approach to demonstrate the classical PCQM protocol applied to MST generates significantly different densities (overestimation) and basal areas (underestimation) depending on which stems are considered for measurement, and we suggest an adapted PCQM+ protocol (measurement of central stem instead of nearest stem). We test both protocols in two mangrove assemblages (one composed of Excoecaria agallocha only, and an Excoecaria agallocha/Rhizophora apiculata mixed forest) with MST proportions varying between 0% and 100%, at 5% intervals. The results indicated that the classical PCQM protocol generates density and basal area results that are strongly correlated with the MST proportion in the assemblage (p < 0.001), whereas the PCQM+ protocol shows a robustness with no such correlations for density. For basal area the results of the PCQM+ protocol showed a weak correlation with the MST proportion, and regression-ANCOVA results indicated that they were significantly different from those of the highly sensitive PCQM protocol (p < 0.001). Finally, we conclude by writing out the entire PCQM+ protocol, elaborating on the solutions to other common problems related to ambiguous settings for the consideration of stems or the measurement of their diameter (aerial roots, split trunks, dwarf growth, horizontally developing stems, boundary of an individual in MST, selectively cut trees or tree parts, very sparse assemblages, use of PCQM for remote sensing ground-truth), and by nevertheless highlighting the potential of the PCQM/PCQM+ approach. Although we used a mangrove forest data set, the PCQ-Method and our suggestions are widely applicable to other forest types. In addition, this paper is accompanied by the first interface that automatically processes standard PCQM-related data (regardless of forest type) to generate common silvimetric or forestry parameters elaborated in this paper, and it is freely available in Appendix C and from http://www.vub.ac.be/APNA/staff/FDG/pub/pub.html |
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