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Currents and transports of the Monsoon Current south of Sri Lanka
Schott, F.; Reppin, J.; Fischer, J.; Quadfasel, D. (1994). Currents and transports of the Monsoon Current south of Sri Lanka. J. Geophys. Res. 99(C12): 127-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JC02216
In: Journal of Geophysical Research. American Geophysical Union: Richmond. ISSN 0148-0227; e-ISSN 2156-2202, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    Aquatic sciences > Marine sciences > Earth sciences > Oceanography > Physical oceanography
    Aquatic sciences > Marine sciences > Earth sciences > Oceanography > Tropical oceanography
    Bangladesh
    Circulation > Atmospheric motion > Atmospheric circulation
    Data > Oceanographic data
    Doppler
    Drift currents
    Equipment > Remote sensing equipment > Sonar > Active sonar > Doppler sonar
    Extrapolation
    ISW, Arabian Sea
    ISW, Bengal Bay
    ISW, Indian Ocean
    Mooring systems > Current meter moorings
    Motion > Atmospheric motion > Winds > Planetary winds > Monsoons
    Motion > Water motion > Circulation > Water circulation > Ocean circulation
    Motion > Water motion > Water currents > Ocean currents
    Numerical models
    Ocean-atmosphere system
    Oceanic circulation
    Oceanography
    Profiles > Vertical profiles > Velocity profiles > Current profiles
    Saline intrusion
    Sri Lanka
    Topographic features > Submarine features > Basins > Ocean basins
    Transport > Volume transport
    Water exchange
    Zonal flow (meteorology)
    Arabian Sea [Marine Regions]; Bangladesh [Marine Regions]; Bay of Bengal [Marine Regions]; Indische Oceaan [Marine Regions]; Sri Lanka [Marine Regions]
    Marien/Kust
Auteurs  Top 
  • Schott, F.
  • Reppin, J.
  • Fischer, J.
  • Quadfasel, D.
Abstract
    The zonal monsoon circulation south of India/Sri Lanka is a crucial link for the exchange between the northeastern and the northwestern Indian Ocean. The first direct measurements from moored stations and shipboard profiling on the seasonal and shorter-period variability of this flow are presented here. Of the three moorings deployed from January 1991 to February 1992 along 80°30'E between 4°11'N and 5°39'N, the outer two were equipped with upward looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) at 260-m depth. The moored and shipboard ADCP measurements revealed a very shallow structure of the near-surface flow, which was mostly confined to the top 100 m and required extrapolation of moored current shears toward the surface for transport calculations. During the winter monsoon, the westward flowing Northeast Monsoon Current (NMC) carried a mean transport of about 12 Sv in early 1991 and 10 Sv in early 1992. During the summer monsoon, transports in the eastward Southwest Monsoon Current (SMC) were about 8 Sv for the region north of 3°45'N, but the current might have extended further south, to 2°N, which would increase the total SMC transport to about 15 Sv. The circulation during the summer was sometimes found to be more complicated, with the SMC occasionally being separated from the Sri Lankan coast by a band of westward flowing low-salinity water originating in the Bay of Bengal. The annual-mean flow past Sri Lanka was weakly westward with a transport of only 2-3 Sv. Using seasonal-mean ship drift currents for surface values in the transport calculations yielded rather similar results to upward extrapolation of the moored profiles. The observations are compared with output of recent numerical models of the Indian Ocean circulation, which generally show the origin of the zonal flow past India/Sri Lanka to be at low latitudes and driven by the large-scale tropical wind field. Superimposed on this zonal circulation is local communication along the coast between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
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