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Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean, 19° S
Wallace, D.W.R.; Beining, P.; Putzka, A. (1994). Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean, 19° S. J. Geophys. Res. 99(C4): 7803-7819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JC00031
In: Journal of Geophysical Research. American Geophysical Union: Richmond. ISSN 0148-0227; e-ISSN 2156-2202, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    Age
    Atmosphere
    Basins
    Chemical compounds > Organic compounds > Hydrocarbons > Halogenated hydrocarbons
    Chemical reactions > Hydrolysis
    Chemical speciation
    Chlorofluorocarbons
    Deep water
    Detection > Pollution detection
    Environmental factors > Anthropogenic factors
    Layers > Discontinuity layers > Thermocline
    Motion > Water motion > Circulation > Water circulation > Ocean circulation
    Oceanic circulation
    Persistence > Pollutant persistence
    Pollutants > Hazardous materials > Chemical pollutants
    Pollution > Water pollution > Marine pollution
    Ratios > Dimensionless numbers > Mixing ratio
    Topographic features > Submarine features > Basins > Ocean basins
    Wastes > Industrial wastes
    Water > Bottom water
    Water > Deep water
    Water bodies > Oceans
    Water masses > Deep-water masses
    World Ocean
    Marien/Kust
Auteurs  Top 
  • Wallace, D.W.R.
  • Beining, P.
  • Putzka, A.
Abstract
    Exploratory measurements of a suite of anthropogenic halocarbon compounds (CCl4 , CCl2 FCClF2 (CFC-113), CH3 CCl 3, CCl3 F (CFC-11)) were made using a new analytical technique on RV Meteor cruise 15 along 19° S (World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Line A9)) in the Atlantic Ocean during February-March 1991. A separate analytical system was used to determine CCl2 F 2 (CFC-12) and CCl3 F (CFC-11). A limited number of CFC-113 profiles indicated that it was undetectable below 400-500 m. The CCl4 data indicate that the entire Brazil Basin contains readily measurable levels of CCl4 (>0.05 pmol kg-1), whereas the deep Angola Basin contains very low levels (less than or equal to 0.02 pmol kg-1). Slightly higher levels were found close to the bottom in the deep Angola Basin: possibly an anthropogenic signature. In contrast, most of the deep Brazil Basin and all of the deep Angola Basin (>1000 m) had undetectable levels of CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113. Preindustrial levels of CCl4 in the atmosphere were therefore negligible (atmospheric mixing ratio <0.1 pptv). CCl4/CFC-11 ratios are used to estimate apparent ages and dilution factors for the North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water. Whereas CCl 4)/CFC-11/CFC-12 levels are internally consistent in deep waters, suggesting near-conservative behavior, there is evidence for very rapid removal of CCl 4 in the thermocline. Removal rates suggest that in addition to neutral hydrolysis, some other loss pathway must be involved.
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