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Comparative growth rate and production of Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus brachypomus (Colossoma bidens) in tanks and cages using intensive rearing conditions
Mélard, CH.; Orozco, J.J.; Uran, L.A.; Ducarme, Ch. (1993). Comparative growth rate and production of Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus brachypomus (Colossoma bidens) in tanks and cages using intensive rearing conditions, in: Barnabé, G. et al. (Ed.) Production, environment and quality: Proceedings of the International Conference Bordeaux Aquaculture '92, Bordeaux, France, March 25-27, 1992. EAS Special Publication, 18: pp. 433-442
In: Barnabé, G.; Kestemont, P. (Ed.) (1993). Production, environment and quality: Proceedings of the International Conference Bordeaux Aquaculture '92, Bordeaux, France, March 25-27, 1992. Special Publication European Aquaculture Society, 18. European Aquaculture Society: Gent. 587 pp.
In: Special Publication European Aquaculture Society. European Aquaculture Society: Bredene. ISSN 0774-0689
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  • Mélard, CH.
  • Orozco, J.J.
  • Uran, L.A.
  • Ducarme, Ch.
Abstract
    The colossomas P. brachypomus and C. macropomum are Characidae fish that present a very high growth potential. The culture of colossomas in the countries of Central and South America is performed in extensive or semi-intensive systems, mainly in earthen ponds or sometimes in floating cages. Productivity is low at nearly 2kg.m-2.yr-1 in ponds and 10kg.m-3.yr-1 in cages. This study aimed at comparing the growth rate and the productivity of these two species in highly intensive rearing conditions in tanks or cages using compound feeds. The study was made in a facility including 1.6m2 (0.63m3) floating cages, 1.8m2 (0. ?m3) circular tanks and 4m2 (1.3m3-1.6m3) square tanks. The warm water supply came from the cooling system of a nuclear power plant. After 196 days in comparable rearing conditions, the growth rates observed for the two species were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the cages after comparison to the growth observed in the tanks (respectively +32.6% and +134.4% body weight difference for P. brachypomus and C. macropomum). In the cage rearing system, the growth rate for C. macropomum was significantly higher (P<0.05; +28.4%) than that of P. brachypomus. In the tank rearing systems, we observed an opposite tendency where the final body weight was 3??% higher for P. brachypomus. Another trial made in tanks with fish of a higher initial body weight (450g-550g) showed a difference of 45% body weight in favour of P. brachypomus after 91 days. A negative effect on the growth rate of P. brachypomus, due to the confinement within small tanks, was also observed. According to the theoretical growth curves established, P. brachypomus can attain an individual body weight of 1kg widtin a minimum of 1 year under intensive tank rearing conditions. A mean cage productivity figure of 0.38kg.m-3.d-1 was recorded for C. macropomum at a biomass of 38kg.m-3. At a biomass of 101kg.m-3 the mean productivity in tanks for P. brachypomus was 0.?lkg.m-3.d-1. Excepting the stress problem observed for C. macropomum reared in tanks and the apparent negative effect of confinement in small tanks on the growth of P. brachypomus, the growth rate for both species in intensive culture conditions are similar to those recorded in extensive or semi-intensive rearing situations. The high stocking densities and the associated good growth rates recorded make possible the obtention of very high production rates for colossomas in intensive rearing systems.
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