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Evaluation of a chemical munition dumpsite in the Baltic Sea based on geophysical and chemical investigations
Missiaen, T.; Söderström, M.; Popescu, I.; Vanninen, P. (2010). Evaluation of a chemical munition dumpsite in the Baltic Sea based on geophysical and chemical investigations. Sci. Total Environ. 408(17): 3536-3553. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.056
In: Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    Analysis > Chemical analysis
    Analysis > Water analysis
    ANE, Baltic, Bornholm Basin
    Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals > Arsenic
    Chemical weapons
    Denmark, Bornholm
    Dumping
    Pollution > Sediment pollution
    Bornholm [Marine Regions]; Bornholm Basin [Marine Regions]
    Marien/Kust
Author keywords
    Chemical munition dumpsite; Baltic Sea; Chemical analysis;Seismic-magnetic
Auteurs  Top 
  • Missiaen, T.
  • Söderström, M.
  • Popescu, I.
  • Vanninen, P.
Abstract
    This paper discusses the results of geophysical and chemical investigations carried out in a chemical munition dumpsite in the southern Baltic Sea, east of the island of Bornholm. After WW2 over 32,000 tons of chemical war material was dumped here including shells and bombs as well as small drums and containers. The geophysical investigations combined very-high-resolution seismics and gradiometric measurements. The results indicate the presence of a large number of objects buried just below the seafloor. The size of the objects and their distribution, with a marked increase in density towards the center of the dumpsite, suggests that we are dealing with dumped war material. Sediment and near-bottom water samples, taken within the dumpsite and in the surrounding area, were analysed for the presence of various chemical warfare agents (CWA) including Adamsite, Clark, sulphur mustard, tabun, chlorobenzene and arsine oil. The results indicate a widespread contamination that reaches far beyond the dumpsite boundary. CWA degradation products were found in most of the sediment samples. The contamination was mostly related to arsenic containing compounds; only one sample indicated the presence of sulfur mustard. Although the correlation between detected objects and CWA concentrations is not always straightforward, the overall results suggest that a lot of the dumped war material is leaking and that over the years the contamination has reached the seafloor sediments.
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