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| New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous demonstrate extensive Ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary Fischer, V; Maisch, M.W.; Naish, D.; Kosma, R; Liston, J; Joger, U; Krüger, F.J.; Pardo Pérez, J; Tainsh, J; Appleby, R.M. (2012). New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous demonstrate extensive Ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. PLoS One 7(1): e29234. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029234
In: PLoS One. Public Library of Science: San Francisco. ISSN 1932-6203; e-ISSN 1932-6203, meer
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Methodology/Principal Findings: Based on new material from the Hauterivian of England and Germany and on abundant material from the Cambridge Greensand Formation, we name a new ophthalmosaurid, Acamptonectes densus gen. et sp. nov. This taxon shares numerous features with Ophthalmosaurus, a genus now restricted to the Callovian-Berriasian interval. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Ophthalmosauridae diverged early in its history into two markedly distinct clades, Ophthalmosaurinae and Platypterygiinae, both of which cross the JCB and persist to the late Albian at least. To evaluate the effect of the JCB extinction event on ichthyosaurs, we calculated cladogenesis, extinction, and survival rates for each stage of the Oxfordian-Barremian interval, under different scenarios. The extinction rate during the JCB never surpasses the background extinction rate for the Oxfordian-Barremian interval and the JCB records one of the highest survival rates of the interval. Conclusions/Significance: There is currently no evidence that ichthyosaurs were affected by the JCB extinction event, in contrast to many other marine groups. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs remained diverse from their rapid radiation in the Middle Jurassic to their total extinction at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. |
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