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Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage
Blackford, J.; Stahl, H.; Bull, J.M.; Bergès, B.J.P.; Cevatoglu, M.; Lichtschlag, A.; Connelly, D.P.; James, R.H.; Kita, J.; Long, D.; Naylor, M.; Shitashima, K.; Smith, D.; Taylor, P.; Wright, I.; Akhurst, M.C.; Chen, Baixin; Gernon, T.M.; Hauto, C.; Hayashi, M.; Kaieda, H.; Leighton, T.G.; Sato, T.; Sayer, M.D.J.; Suzumura, M. (2014). Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage. Nat. Clim. Chang. 4(11): 1011–1016. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2381
In: Nature Climate Change. Nature Publishing Group: London. ISSN 1758-678X; e-ISSN 1758-6798
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Blackford, J.
  • Stahl, H.
  • Bull, J.M.
  • Bergès, B.J.P.
  • Cevatoglu, M.
  • Lichtschlag, A.
  • Connelly, D.P.
  • James, R.H.
  • Kita, J.
  • Long, D.
  • Naylor, M.
  • Shitashima, K.
  • Smith, D.
  • Taylor, P.
  • Wright, I.
  • Akhurst, M.C.
  • Chen, B.
  • Gernon, T.M.
  • Hauto, C.
  • Hayashi, M.
  • Kaieda, H.
  • Leighton, T.G.
  • Sato, T.
  • Sayer, M.D.J.
  • Suzumura, M.
Abstract
    Fossil fuel power generation and other industrial emissions of carbon dioxide are a threat to global climate, yet many economies will remain reliant on these technologies for several decades. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) in deep geological formations provides an effective option to remove these emissions from the climate system. In many regions storage reservoirs are located offshore, over a kilometre or more below societally important shelf seas. Therefore, concerns about the possibility of leakage and potential environmental impacts, along with economics, have contributed to delaying development of operational CCS. Here we investigate the detectability and environmental impact of leakage from a controlled sub-seabed release of CO2. We show that the biological impact and footprint of this small leak analogue (<1 tonne CO2 d-1) is confined to a few tens of metres. Migration of CO2 through the shallow seabed is influenced by near-surface sediment structure, and by dissolution and re-precipitation of calcium carbonate naturally present in sediments. Results reported here advance the understanding of environmental sensitivity to leakage and identify appropriate monitoring strategies for full-scale carbon storage operations.
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