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Sulfate was a trace constituent of Archean seawater
Crowe, S.A.; Paris, G.; Katsev, S.; Jones, C.; Kim, S.-T.; Zerkle, A.L.; Nomosatryo, S.; Fowle, D.A.; Adkins, J.F.; Sessions, A.L.; Farquhar, J.; Canfield, D.E. (2014). Sulfate was a trace constituent of Archean seawater. Science (Wash.) 346(6210): 735-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1258966
In: Science (Washington). American Association for the Advancement of Science: New York, N.Y. ISSN 0036-8075; e-ISSN 1095-9203, meer
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Crowe, S.A.
  • Paris, G.
  • Katsev, S.
  • Jones, C.
  • Kim, S.-T.
  • Zerkle, A.L.
  • Nomosatryo, S.
  • Fowle, D.A.
  • Adkins, J.F.
  • Sessions, A.L.
  • Farquhar, J.
  • Canfield, D.E.
Abstract
    In the low-oxygen Archean world (>2400 million years ago), seawater sulfate concentrations were much lower than today, yet open questions frustrate the translation of modern measurements of sulfur isotope fractionations into estimates of Archean seawater sulfate concentrations. In the water column of Lake Matano, Indonesia, a low-sulfate analog for the Archean ocean, we find large (>20 per mil) sulfur isotope fractionations between sulfate and sulfide, but the underlying sediment sulfides preserve a muted range of d34S values. Using models informed by sulfur cycling in Lake Matano, we infer Archean seawater sulfate concentrations of less than 2.5 micromolar. At these low concentrations, marine sulfate residence times were likely 103 to 104 years, and sulfate scarcity would have shaped early global biogeochemical cycles, possibly restricting biological productivity in Archean oceans.
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