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Pair-formation in coral reef fishes: an ecological perspective
Brandl, S.J.; Bellwood, D.R. (2014). Pair-formation in coral reef fishes: an ecological perspective, in: Hughes, R.N. et al. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 52. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 52: pp. 1-79 + 1 figure
In: Hughes, R.N.; Hughes, D.J.; Smith, I.P. (Ed.) (2014). Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 52. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 52. CRC Press: Boca Raton. ISBN 978-1-4822-2059-9; e-ISBN 978-1-4822-2066-7. vii, 384 pp.
In: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Aberdeen University Press/Allen & Unwin: London. ISSN 0078-3218; e-ISSN 2154-9125
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  • Brandl, S.J.
  • Bellwood, D.R.
Abstract
    Pair-formation is a common social system among animals. However, the use of the term 'pair-formation' is often ambiguous, and the assumed reproductive importance of pairing often supersedes consideration of aspects that are more social or ecological. This review provides a new social-ecological definition of pair-formation, examines the prevalence of pair-formation among coral reef fishes, and assesses the ecological and reproductive characteristics of pair-forming reef fishes. Of 1981 Indo-Pacific reef fish species examined in this review, 341 (17.2%) are reported to live in pairs. Pair forming has been reported in 29 families, with 5 families (Malacanthidae, Chaetodontidae, Siganidae, Syngnathidae, Ptereleotridae) having more than half of their species reported to form pairs. Two traits appear to favour the formation of social, cooperative pairs: (1) foraging on small, benthic, and relatively immobile prey; and (2) living in burrows. In contrast, there are limited similarities among pair-forming species with regard to their mating system or spawning mode. It appears that the basis of pair-formation in reef fishes is complex and may involve a range of ecological factors related to food procurement and predation risk.
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