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Shell properties of commercial clam Chamelea gallina are influenced by temperature and solar radiation along a wide latitudinal gradient
Gizzi, F.; Caccia, M.G.; Simoncini, G.A.; Mancuso, A.; Reggi, M.; Fermani, S.; Brizi, L.; Fantazzini, P.; Stagioni, M.; Falini, G.; Piccinetti, C.; Goffredo, S. (2016). Shell properties of commercial clam Chamelea gallina are influenced by temperature and solar radiation along a wide latitudinal gradient. NPG Scientific Reports 6(36420): 12 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep36420
In: Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group). Nature Publishing Group: London. ISSN 2045-2322; e-ISSN 2045-2322
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Gizzi, F.
  • Caccia, M.G.
  • Simoncini, G.A.
  • Mancuso, A.
  • Reggi, M.
  • Fermani, S.
  • Brizi, L.
  • Fantazzini, P.
  • Stagioni, M.
  • Falini, G.
  • Piccinetti, C.
  • Goffredo, S.
Abstract
    Phenotype can express different morphologies in response to biotic or abiotic environmental influences. Mollusks are particularly sensitive to different environmental parameters, showing macroscale shell morphology variations in response to environmental parameters. Few studies concern shell variations at the different scale levels along environmental gradients. Here, we investigate shell features at the macro, micro and nanoscale, in populations of the commercially important clam Chamelea gallina along a latitudinal gradient (similar to 400 km) of temperature and solar radiation in the Adriatic Sea (Italian cost). Six populations of clams with shells of the same length were analyzed. Shells from the warmest and the most irradiated population were thinner, with more oval shape, more porous and lighter, showing lower load fracture. However, no variation was observed in shell CaCO3 polymorphism (100% aragonite) or in compositional and textural shell parameters, indicating no effect of the environmental parameters on the basic processes of biomineralization. Because of the importance of this species as commercial resource in the Adriatic Sea, the experimentally quantified and significant variations of mass and fracture load in C. gallina shells along the latitudinal gradient may have economic implications for fisheries producing different economical yield for fishermen and consumers along the Adriatic coastline.
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