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Towards a better understanding of the origins of microlens arrays in Mesozoic ophiuroids and asteroids
Gorzelak, P.; Rahman, I.A.; Zamora, S.; Gasinski, A.; Trzcinski, J.; Brachaniec, T.; Salamon, M.A. (2017). Towards a better understanding of the origins of microlens arrays in Mesozoic ophiuroids and asteroids. Evol. Biol. 44(3): 339-346. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-017-9411-1
In: Evolutionary Biology. Springer: New York. ISSN 0071-3260; e-ISSN 1934-2845
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| Trefwoorden |
Geological time > Phanerozoic > Geological time > Mesozoic > Cretaceous
Microlenses
Minerals > Carbonate minerals > Calcite
Photosensitivity
Tomography
Echinodermata [WoRMS]
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| Author keywords |
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| Auteurs | | Top |
- Gorzelak, P.
- Rahman, I.A.
- Zamora, S.
- Gasinski, A.
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- Trzcinski, J.
- Brachaniec, T.
- Salamon, M.A.
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| Abstract |
Echinoderms are characterized by a calcite endoskeleton with a unique microstructure, which is optimized for multiple functions. For instance, some light-sensitive ophiuroids (Ophiuroidea) and asteroids (Asteroidea) possess skeletal plates with multi-lens arrays that are thought to act as photosensory organs. The origins of these lens-like microstructures have long been unclear. It was recently proposed that the complex photosensory systems in certain modern ophiuroids and asteroids could be traced back to at least the Late Cretaceous (ca. 79 Ma). Here, we document similar structures in ophiuroids and asteroids from the Early Cretaceous of Poland (ca. 136 Ma) that are approximately 57 million years older than the oldest asterozoans with lens-like microstructures described thus far. We use scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron tomography, and electron backscatter diffraction combined with focused ion beam microscopy to describe the morphology and crystallography of these structures in exceptional detail. The results indicate that, similar to Recent light-sensitive ophiuroids, putative microlenses in Cretaceous ophiuroids and asteroids exhibit a shape and crystal orientation that would have minimized spherical aberration and birefringence. We suggest that these lens-like microstructures evolved by secondary deposition of calcite on pre-existing porous tubercles that were already present in ancestral Jurassic forms. |
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