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Decline in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in Long Island Sound near Millstone Point, Connecticut (USA) unrelated to thermal input
Keser, M.; Swenarton, J.T.; Vozarik, J.M.; Foertch, J.F. (2003). Decline in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in Long Island Sound near Millstone Point, Connecticut (USA) unrelated to thermal input. J. Sea Res. 49(1): 11-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(02)00196-X
In: Journal of Sea Research. Elsevier/Netherlands Institute for Sea Research: Amsterdam; Den Burg. ISSN 1385-1101; e-ISSN 1873-1414, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    ANE, Eire, Waterford
    ANW, USA, Long Island Sound
    Connecticut
    Countries > Developed countries > Oecd countries > North america > Usa > Northeastern states of usa > New england states of usa > Connecticut
    Developed countries > Oecd countries > North america > Usa > Northeastern states of usa > Middle atlantic states of usa > New york > Islands > Long island
    Eire, Waterford
    Monitoring
    Pollution > Thermal pollution
    Temporal variations
    USA, Connecticut
    Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 [WoRMS]
    Connecticut [Marine Regions]; Long Island Sound (bay) [Marine Regions]; Waterford [Marine Regions]; Waterford [Marine Regions]
    Marien/Kust
Auteurs  Top 
  • Keser, M., correspondent
  • Swenarton, J.T.
  • Vozarik, J.M.
  • Foertch, J.F.
Abstract
    Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) shoot density, seed-bearing shoot abundance, shoot length, and standing stock biomass were monitored during summer months from 1985 to 2000 at three locations in eastern Long Island Sound (LIS) near Millstone Power Station (MPS), Waterford, Connecticut, USA. Short-term declines in eelgrass abundance were directly associated with fouling and overgrowth of eelgrass on two occasions; once by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and once by a bloom of green algae (Cladophora spp.). Analysis of long-term trends indicated some degree of decline in most of the parameters examined at all three areas monitored. The spatial relationship of the long-term eelgrass declines suggests primary causal factors other than the power plant discharge or regional climate change. Two populations to the east of MPS and near the fringes of the thermal plume (<1.5 km from the MPS discharge to LIS) exhibited only slight declines over the 16-y study period and thermal input from MPS to these sites was minimal (<1 °C above ambient conditions). By comparison, heavy eelgrass losses were documented in the Niantic River, located >2 km from the power plant thermal plume. Die-offs of entire individual eelgrass study beds in the Niantic River were observed on five separate occasions during the study with no sign of recovery. While the causes were not determined, anthropogenic influences such as nutrient loading from surface run-off and groundwater sources may have contributed to observed declines. The Niantic River has a more restricted tidal inlet and is closer to sources of nutrient enrichment than Jordan Cove. Historically, eelgrass has ranged to far western reaches of LIS, but over the last century has become restricted to the easternmost third of the Connecticut coastline due to nutrient loading and eutrophication of the western portions. This study suggests that the west-to-east declining trend in eelgrass distribution in LIS may be further progressing.
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