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The Paleozoic Eumalacostraca of North America
Brooks, H.K. (1962). The Paleozoic Eumalacostraca of North America. Bull. Am. Paleontol. 44(202): 163-338
In: Bulletins of American Paleontology. Paleontological Research Institution: Ithaca, N.Y.. ISSN 0007-5779
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| Abstract |
consistent with representatives of the extant "primitive" taxa, the Mysidacea and Syncarida. Morphological study of the American fossils proves this belief to be correct only for the Syncarida. The species with a carapace, though displaying morphological trends in the structure of the exoskeleton toward various established taxa, are distinguished not only by an unexpected combination of characteristics previously not known to exist in the same animal, but by some features known only in Recent Crustacea believed to be more primitive than Eumalacostraca. A complete revision of the classification with new genera and species: Anthracaris, n.g. (type species: Anthrapalaemon gracilis Meek and Worthen); Mamayocaris jepscni, n.g., n.sp. Pseudotealliocaris, n.g. (type species: Tealliocaris caudafimbriata Copeland); Anthracophausia strongi, n.sp.; Archaeocaris graffhami, n.sp.; Acadiocaris<./i>, n.g.; (type species: Palacocaris novascotica Copeland) and Palacosyncaris dakotensis, n.g., n.sp.; new families: Eocarididae, Palaeopalaemonidae, Anthracophausiidae, Pygocephalidae, Tealliocarididae, Notocarididae, Anthracocarididae; new orders: Eocaridacea, Palaeostomatopoda, Anthracocaridacea, and a new superorder, Eocarida, is required. Tagmosis of the body, modification of the exopod of the second antennae as a squama, jointing of the thoracic pereiopods, development of a caudal fan through modification of the sixth pair of abdominal appendages as uropods, and reduction of the furca and median telson spine distinguish Eumalacostraca. These are characteristics of the nektonic "caridoid fades" superimposed upon a benthonic crustacean. The most ancient eumalacostracans reported in the literature are classified as syncarids. Re-interpretation and new discoveries prove these Devonian fossils are caridoid Malacostraca. True syncarids first occur in Upper Mississippian strata. Recent Euphausiacea are specialized pelagic descendants of the most ancient Eumalacostraca. Decapods and the several orders of peracarids evolved from this stock in the late Paleozoic. Primitive morphological characteristics and the fossil record establish stomatopods and syncarids as a more ancient derivative which differentiated in the Devonian or early Mississippian. |
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