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Non-indigenous aquatic organisms in the coastal waters of California
Foss, S.F.; Odell, P.R.; Sowby, M.; Ashe, M. (2007). Non-indigenous aquatic organisms in the coastal waters of California. Calif. Fish Game 93(3): 111-129
In: California Fish and Game. State of California, Department of Natural Resources: San Francisco. ISSN 0008-1078; e-ISSN 2331-0405
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| Auteurs | | Top |
- Foss, S.F.
- Odell, P.R.
- Sowby, M.
- Ashe, M.
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| Abstract |
This study combined numerous field surveys with a literature review to document the location of non-indigenous aquatic species (NAS) in the estuarine and coastal waters of California. Substantial numbers of aquatic species have been introduced to the coast of California. Although all areas of the coast showed some evidence of introductions, NAS totals were generally highest in the two major commercial ports, San Francisco and Los Angeles/Long Beach. Statewide, 360 distinct non-indigenous and 247 distinct cryptogenic taxa were identified from the literature and field investigations during the course of this investigation. Annelids, primarily polychaete worms, were the dominant phylum, comprising 33 % of the NAS observed. Eleven NAS were found in the current survey that had not been reported from California in previous studies. The majority of organisms introduced to the California coast are native to the northwest Atlantic, the northwest Pacific, and the northeast Atlantic, all regions from which California receives a considerable amount of ship traffic as well as the source materials for much of its aquaculture. Shipping is the most likely vector for the majority of NAS introductions; specifically, ballast water and hull fouling were identified as the most common subvectors. We identified a number of NAS that co-occur in the major ports, which may indicate intracoastal spread of non-indigenous taxa. However, the mechanisms of NAS movement within California are poorly understood and should be addressed in future research. |
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