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Biology of wood deteriogens
In: Pournou, A. (2020). Biodeterioration of wooden cultural heritage. Springer International Publishing: Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-030-46503-2; e-ISBN 978-3-030-46504-9. XV, 538 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46504-9
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| Abstract |
Elements of evolution, taxonomy, morphology and physiology of wood deteriogens are discussed in this chapter, aiming to enlighten readers on their biology and enable the understanding of wood decay mechanisms.Wood deteriogens such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, insects and marine borers, utilizing wooden Cultural Heritage as a source of nutrients or as a physical substrate for their development, are presented. Bacteria and archaea are first addressed and their taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and main morphological types are examined. Similarly, the ambiguous systematics and taxonomy of fungi are shown via a 9-phylum classification. Filamentous fungi features such as hyphae, mycelium, reproductive units and fruit bodies are defined along with their sexual and asexual life cycle. Based on the micromorphology and patterns of wood decay, bacteria are classified into erosion, tunnelling and cavitation bacteria, whereas the dikaryotic wood-decaying fungi are categorized into white-, soft- and brown-rot fungi.Marine wood borers, belonging to Mollusca and Crustacea are then recognized as major wood deteriogens encountered in marine ecosystems. Basics on their phylogeny, taxonomy morphological characters, physiology, feeding modes and life histories are presented. The molluscan bivalves attacking wooden Cultural Heritage are further mentioned and description of their body, reproduction modes, along with growth stages from the trochophore larva to the juvenile is made. Similarly, for wood-decaying crustacean orders, Amphipoda and Isopoda, their distribution, habitat, foraging behaviours and body features are discussed.Finally, insects, the most speciose group of animals of the planet is introduced and taxonomically classified. Their body segmentation is described and their life cycles from the egg to imago are explained, including the different modes of their post-embryonic development. Their feeding habits are also explicated for herbivorous, carnivorous and omnivores insects. General information on the biology and ecology of all wood-damaging orders are provided at last with special reference on wooden Cultural Heritage deteriogens, Coleoptera and Blattodea. |
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