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Eocene to Oligocene terrestrial Southern Hemisphere cooling caused by declining pCO2
Lauretano, V.; Kennedy-Asser, A.T.; Korasidis, V.A.; Wallace, M.W.; Valdes, P.J.; Lunt, D.J.; Pancost, R.D.; Naafs, B.D.A. (2021). Eocene to Oligocene terrestrial Southern Hemisphere cooling caused by declining pCO2. Nature Geoscience 14(9): 659-664. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00788-z
In: Nature Geoscience. Nature Publishing Group: London. ISSN 1752-0894; e-ISSN 1752-0908
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Lauretano, V.
  • Kennedy-Asser, A.T.
  • Korasidis, V.A.
  • Wallace, M.W.
  • Valdes, P.J.
  • Lunt, D.J.
  • Pancost, R.D.
  • Naafs, B.D.A.
Abstract
    The greenhouse-to-icehouse climate transition from the Eocene into the Oligocene is well documented by sea surface temperature records from the southwest Pacific and Antarctic margin, which show evidence of pronounced long-term cooling. However, identification of a driving mechanism depends on a better understanding of whether this cooling was also present in terrestrial settings. Here, we present a semi-continuous terrestrial temperature record spanning from the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene (~41–33 million years ago), using bacterial molecular fossils (biomarkers) preserved in a sequence of southeast Australian lignites. Our results show that mean annual temperatures in southeast Australia gradually declined from ~27 °C (±4.7 °C) during the middle Eocene to ~22–24 °C (±4.7 °C) during the late Eocene, followed by a ~2.4 °C-step cooling across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. This trend is comparable to other temperature records in the Southern Hemisphere, suggesting a common driving mechanism, likely pCO2. We corroborate these results with a suite of climate model simulations demonstrating that only simulations including a decline in pCO2 lead to a cooling in southeast Australia consistent with our proxy record. Our data form an important benchmark for testing climate model performance, sea–land interaction and climatic forcings at the onset of a major Antarctic glaciation.
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