Zoeken
Zoeken kan via de modus 'eenvoudig zoeken' (één veld) of uitgebreid via 'geavanceerd zoeken' (meerdere velden). Zo kan je bv. zoeken op een combinatie van een auteursnaam (auteur), een jaartal (jaar) en een documenttype.
Boekenmand
Nuttige resultaten kan je aanvinken en toevoegen aan een mandje. De inhoud hiervan kan je exporteren of afdrukken (naar bv. PDF).
RSS
Op de hoogte blijven van nieuw toegevoegde publicaties binnen uw interessegebied? Dit kan door een RSS-feed (?) te maken van jouw zoekopdracht.
nieuwe zoekopdracht
Spread, behavior, and ecosystem consequences of conventional munitions compounds in coastal marine waters
Beck, A.J.; Gledhill, M.; Schlosser, C.; Stamer, B.; Böttcher, C.; Sternheim, J.; Greinert, J.; Achterberg, E.P. (2018). Spread, behavior, and ecosystem consequences of conventional munitions compounds in coastal marine waters. Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 141. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00141
In: Frontiers in Marine Science. Frontiers Media: Lausanne. ISSN 2296-7745; e-ISSN 2296-7745, meer
|   |
| Author keywords |
underwater munitions, discarded military munitions, unexploded ordnance, UXO, trinitrotoluene, TNT, RDX, HMX |
| Auteurs | | Top |
- Beck, A.J.
- Gledhill, M.
- Schlosser, C.
- Stamer, B.
|
- Böttcher, C.
- Sternheim, J.
- Greinert, J.
- Achterberg, E.P.
|
|
| Abstract |
Coastal marine environments are contaminated globally with a vast quantity of unexploded ordnance and munitions from intentional disposal. These munitions contain organic explosive compounds as well as a variety of metals, and represent point sources of chemical pollution to marine waters. Most underwater munitions originate from World Wars at the beginning of the twentieth century, and metal munitions housings have been impacted by extensive corrosion over the course of the following decades. As a result, the risk of munitions-related contaminant release to the water column is increasing. The behavior of munitions compounds is well-characterized in terrestrial systems and groundwater, but is only poorly understood in marine systems. Organic explosive compounds, primarily nitroaromatics and nitramines, can be degraded or transformed by a variety of biotic and abiotic mechanisms. These reaction products exhibit a range in biogeochemical characteristics such as sorption by particles and sediments, and variable environmental behavior as a result. The reaction products often exhibit increased toxicity to biological receptors and geochemical controls like sorption can limit this exposure. Environmental samples typically show low concentrations of munitions compounds in water and sediments (on the order of ng/L and μg/kg, respectively), and ecological risk appears generally low. Nonetheless, recent work demonstrates the possibility of sub-lethal genetic and metabolic effects. This review evaluates the state of knowledge on the occurrence, fate, and effect of munition-related chemical contaminants in the marine environment. There remain a number of knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of munitions-related contaminant spread and effect, and the need for additional work is made all the more urgent by increasing risk of release to the environment. |
IMIS is ontwikkeld en wordt gehost door het VLIZ.
