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Water masses and fronts in the Southern Ocean south of New Zealand
Houtman, J. (1967). Water masses and fronts in the Southern Ocean south of New Zealand. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 36. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute: [s.l.]. 7-40 + 1 Pl. pp.
Deel van: New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: Wellington. ISSN 0083-7903
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  • Houtman, J.
Abstract
    The fine structure of the Antarctic Convergence and its adjoining water masses has been plotted and exa1mined. Westerly winds lie nearly always in a northerly position with respect to the Circumpolar Current axis south of New Zealand. Frontal zones are sharp and can be readily recognised. The cold cores just south of the Antarctic Convergence and a warmer body of water further south, often noticed in vertical sections, can be interpreted as fortuitous in regard to the ship's track with respect to the surface isotherms and meanders in the line of Convergence. These cores require neither upwelling nor vertical "stretching" for their explanation. Between 162° E and 167° E longitudes a meridional confluence of isolines at the surface indicates the narrowing of the Circumpolar Current over and between the Macquarie Rise and the Campbell Plateau. This confluence of isotherms appears to extend t_he range of the steep temperature gradient of the Antarctic Convergence at its northernmost location in this area. This effect could well cause anomalies in reported Antarctic Convergence temperatures. The "Subantarctic Divergence" as discussed from varying points of view by earlier writers needs investigation by analysis of an appropriate vertical velocity field, for which not enough accurate observations have yet been taken. A well-defined water mass boundary, marked by the 34·5°/00 isohaline and the 8°c isotherm exists and is more or less continuous in a zonal direction; the name Subantarctic Front is proposed and this front coincides with what has been defined as the Australasian Subantarctic Front which is found south of Australia and New Zealand.
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