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Daphnia need to be gut-cleared too: the effect of exposure to and ingestion of metal-contaminated sediment on the gut-clearance patterns of D. magna
Gillis, P.L.; Chow-Fraser, P.; Ranville, J.F.; Ross, P.E.; Wood, C.M. (2005). Daphnia need to be gut-cleared too: the effect of exposure to and ingestion of metal-contaminated sediment on the gut-clearance patterns of D. magna. Aquat. Toxicol. 71(2): 143-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.016
In: Aquatic Toxicology. Elsevier Science: Tokyo; New York; London; Amsterdam. ISSN 0166-445X; e-ISSN 1879-1514
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| Trefwoorden |
Handling > Fish handling > Dressing > Gutting
Sediments > Chemical sediments > Metalliferous sediments
Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 [WoRMS]
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| Author keywords |
D. magna; gut-clearance; metal bioavailability; sediment exposures |
| Auteurs | | Top |
- Gillis, P.L.
- Chow-Fraser, P.
- Ranville, J.F.
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| Abstract |
The presence of sediment particles in the gut indicated that Daphnia magna used in whole-sediment bioassays ingest sediment. If gut contents are not removed prior to whole-body tissue-burden analysis, then the bioavailability of any sediment-associated contaminants (e.g. metals) can be overestimated. Gut clearing patterns were determined for D. magna after exposure to both clean and metal-contaminated (Cu and Zn) field-collected sediments. D. magna exposed to reference sediment had fuller guts than those exposed to metal-contaminated sediment (95% versus 60% full). Neither reference- nor metal-exposed D. magna could clear their gut completely of sediment particles when held in clean water for 24 h. When Daphnia were transferred to clean water after exposure to metal-contaminated sediment, there was no significant decrease in gut-fullness (P > 0.05) even after 48 h of purging. By comparison, animals transferred to water containing 5 × 105 cells of algae (Pseudokircheriella subcapita) after exposure to contaminated sediment showed a significant drop in gut fullness from 56% immediately after exposure to 17% after 4 h of gut-clearance. Although gut fullness did not change significantly beyond 2 h of purging, data were much less variable after 8 h of gut-clearance than after 2 h or 4 h. The depuration of Cu was well described with a two-compartment first-order kinetic model (r2 = 0.78, P < 0.0001) indicating that D. magna exposed to metal-contaminated sediment have one pool of Cu that is quickly depurated (0.2 h−1), and one that has been incorporated into the tissues (0.00001 h−1). Assuming tissue background of 48 μg/g, an exposed animal which has not been depurated or which has been purged with water alone would yield whole-body tissue Cu concentrations that are 5.6- and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that purged with algae + water (8 h). We recommend that D. magna used to estimate metal bioavailability from sediment be gut-cleared in the presence of algae for 8 h prior to determination of whole-body metal concentrations. |
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