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Are solar activity and sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus strandings around the North Sea related? Vanselow, K.H.; Ricklefs, K. (2005). Are solar activity and sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus strandings around the North Sea related? J. Sea Res. 53(4): 319-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.07.006 In: Journal of Sea Research. Elsevier/Netherlands Institute for Sea Research: Amsterdam; Den Burg. ISSN 1385-1101; e-ISSN 1873-1414, meer

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Beschikbaar in	Auteurs
VLIZ: Open access 70708 [ download pdf ]

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Trefwoorden

ANE, North Sea Anomalies > Magnetic anomalies Aquatic organisms > Marine organisms > Aquatic mammals > Marine mammals Environmental effects Environmental factors > Anthropogenic factors Magnetism > Geophysics > Geomagnetism Solar activity Solar cycles Stranding Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 [WoRMS] Noordzee [Marine Regions] Marien/Kust

Author keywords

sperm whale strandings; North Sea; solar cycles; sun spots; geomagneticstorms

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Auteurs		Top
Vanselow, K.H. Ricklefs, K.

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Abstract

In the final decades of the last century, an increasing number of strandings of male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) around the North Sea led to an increase in public interest. Anthropogenic influences (such as contaminants or intensive sound disturbances) are supposed to be the main causes, but natural environmental effects may also explain the disorientation of the animals. We compared the documented sperm whale strandings in the period from 1712 to 2003 with solar activity, especially with sun spot number periodicity and found that 90% of 97 sperm whale stranding events around the North Sea took place when the smoothed sun spot period length was below the mean value of 11 years, while only 10% happened during periods of longer sun spot cycles. The relation becomes even more pronounced (94% to 6%, n = 70) if a smaller time window from November to March is used (which seems to be the main southward migration period of male sperm whales). Adequate chi-square tests of the data give a significance of 1% error probability that sperm whale strandings can depend on solar activity. As an alternative explanation, we suggest that variations of the earth's magnetic field, due to variable energy fluxes from the sun to the earth, may cause a temporary disorientation of migrating animals.

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