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Recent and fossil Indonesian shells
Dharma, B. (2005). Recent and fossil Indonesian shells. ConchBooks: Hackenheim. ISBN 3-925919-70-8. 424 pp.
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| Beschikbaar in | Auteur |
VLIZ: Mollusca (General) MOL.79 [103938]
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| Trefwoorden |
Abnormalities
Animal products > Shells
Collections
Distribution
Fauna > Aquatic organisms > Aquatic animals > Shellfish > Marine organisms > Marine molluscs
Fossils
Indonesia
Mollusca [WoRMS]
Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone [Marine Regions]
Marien/Kust |
| Abstract |
Geographically, the Indonesian Archipelago with its thousands of islands and islets lies in the tropical region. It is located between two continents, Asia and Australia; and two oceans, the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This enables it to be inhabited by an enormous diversity of species, subspecies, and a variety of flora and fauna, including molluscs. It is very engaging to study the distribution of molluscs in Indonesia, taking into account its strategic location and the geological emergence history of the islands. This book introduces the existence of Indonesian molluscs. Since the publication of “Indonesian Shells”, volumes I (1988) and II (1992), feedback and input have been received from many people. The collection of more than 900 Recent species that have not been recorded previously, and of more than 700 fossil species, encouraged me to write “Recent and Fossil Indonesian Shells”. This book is a compilation, a revision of volumes I and II with additional species, and now consists of illustrations of 1,982 Recent species from 171 families, 536 genera, and 723 fossil species from 113 families, 265 genera. Some of the fossil species are new records. The book consists of two sections; the first part is about Recent shells; and the second part deals with fossils. The Recent part is subdivided into classes Polyplacophora, Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia. The fossil section consists of classes Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia. Dr. Enrico Schwabe assisted with Recent species of class Polyplacophora (Plates 1 & 2) and Dr. Michael Schrödl with Recent sea slugs and Nudibrachia from subclass Opisthobranchia (Plates 80 & 81). Fossil shells are primarily from findings on the island of Jawa from the Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene Epochs. The remainder comes from the islands of Timor and Papua, from rocks of Permian, Triassic and Jurassic Ages. Shell deviations are also revealed in this book. A number of Recent shell deviations from some locations in Indonesia have a typical deviation pattern; and might be interesting to be traced further. Shell deviations have been detected since the Middle Miocene Epoch, when pollution from chemical waste was still unknown. The measurements of the shells in this book are from observed material, the scale is approximately. Some of the fossil species from the Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene Epochs are still living at present. By comparing fossils with living species from the present day, we can undertake an integrated study of molluscs in their entirety. With all the limitations within this book, we sincerely hope that it could contribute to the inventory list of Indonesian molluscs. I solicit corrections, ideas and input from readers to improve understanding of the habitation of Indonesian molluscs. |
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