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Observational learning improves predator avoidance in hatchery-reared Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles
Arai, T.; Tominaga, O.; Seikai, T.; Masuda, R. (2007). Observational learning improves predator avoidance in hatchery-reared Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles. J. Sea Res. 58(1): 59-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2007.01.004
In: Journal of Sea Research. Elsevier/Netherlands Institute for Sea Research: Amsterdam; Den Burg. ISSN 1385-1101; e-ISSN 1873-1414, meer
Ook verschenen in:
Yamashita, Y.; Nash, R.D.M.; van der Veer, H.W. (Ed.) (2007). Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology, Part II, held at Maizuru, Kyoto, Japan from 20-25 October 2005. Journal of Sea Research, 58(1). Elsevier: Amsterdam. 1-112 pp., meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    Behaviour
    Behaviour > Avoidance reactions
    Behaviour > Learning behaviour
    Feeding
    Predator prey interactions
    Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) [WoRMS]
    Marien/Kust
Author keywords
    Japanese flounder; observational learning; predator avoidance; feeding;stock enhancement
Auteurs  Top 
  • Arai, T.
  • Tominaga, O.
  • Seikai, T.
  • Masuda, R., correspondent
Abstract
    The level of importance of learning in the survival of an animal is related to its evolutionary status, environmental demands, and developmental stage. This paper examines the role of learning in predator avoidance of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles. We conditioned flounder juveniles to predation using two different methods: (1) direct exposure to a predator, and (2) allowing juveniles to observe predatory attacks on conspecifics. Predator avoidance performance and feeding behaviour were then compared among predator-exposed, predator-observed and naive individuals. Both predator-exposed and predator-observed fish were better at avoiding a predator than were naive fish when they encountered a predator 6 h after the initial exposure. Although this effect was not significant 24 or 30 h after exposure, reaction distance to a predator was longest in predator-exposed and shortest in naive fish 6, 24 and 30 h after exposure. When fed pellets, predator-exposed and predator-observed fish showed less off-bottom feeding behaviour and their heights of swimming were lower than those of naive fish. We conclude that flounder juveniles are capable of predator conditioning both through direct and observational learning processes.
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