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Comparative toxicity of a zinc salt, zinc powder and zinc oxide to Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus albidus and Folsomia candida
Lock, K.; Janssen, C.R. (2003). Comparative toxicity of a zinc salt, zinc powder and zinc oxide to Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus albidus and Folsomia candida. Chemosphere 53(8): 851-856. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00593-9
In: Chemosphere. Elsevier: Oxford. ISSN 0045-6535; e-ISSN 1879-1298, meer
Peer reviewed article  
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Trefwoorden
    Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals
    Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals > Zinc
    Compost
    Interstitial water
    Properties > Biological properties > Toxicity
    Soil pollution
    Toxicology > Ecotoxicology
    Uptake
    Zinc chlorides
    Zinc oxide
    Animalia [WoRMS]; Annelida [WoRMS]; Arthropoda [WoRMS]; Collembola [WoRMS]; Enchytraeidae d'Udekem, 1855 [WoRMS]; Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 [WoRMS]; Insecta [WoRMS]; Invertebrata [Ongewervelden]; Isotomidae Schäffer, 1896 [WoRMS]; Oligochaeta [WoRMS]
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Abstract
    The pore water zinc concentration and the calcium chloride extracted zinc fraction are higher in the soils spiked with a zinc salt (ZnCl2) compared to soils spiked with zinc oxide or zinc powder. Based on total zinc concentrations in the soil, the acute toxicity of zinc salt to the compost worm Eisenia fetida, the potworm Enchytraeus albidus and the springtail Folsomia candida was lower compared to zinc oxide and zinc powder. However, when expressed on the basis of pore water concentrations or calcium chloride extracted fractions, acute toxicity was higher for zinc salt, which indicated that dermal uptake via the pore water is not the only route of uptake. Chronic toxicity of zinc salt, zinc oxide and zinc powder was similar when based on total concentrations in the soil which again indicates that the pore water route of uptake is not the only route of exposure but that oral uptake is also important.
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