The SPR systems model as a conceptual foundation for rapid integrated risk appraisals: Lessons from Europe

Narayan, S.; Nicholls, R.J.; Clarke, D.; Hanson, S.; Reeve, D.; Horrillo-Caraballo, J.; le Cozannet, G.; Hissel, F.; Kowalska, B.; Parda, R.; Willems, P.; Ohle, N.; Zanuttigh, B.; Losada, I.; Ge, J.; Trifonova, E.; Penning-Rowsell, E.; Vanderlinden, J.P.

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.10.021

The SPR systems model as a conceptual foundation for rapid integrated risk appraisals: Lessons from Europe

Narayan, S.; Nicholls, R.J.; Clarke, D.; Hanson, S.; Reeve, D.; Horrillo-Caraballo, J.; le Cozannet, G.; Hissel, F.; Kowalska, B.; Parda, R.; Willems, P.; Ohle, N.; Zanuttigh, B.; Losada, I.; Ge, J.; Trifonova, E.; Penning-Rowsell, E.; Vanderlinden, J.P. (2014). The SPR systems model as a conceptual foundation for rapid integrated risk appraisals: Lessons from Europe. Coast. Eng. 87: 15-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.10.021

In: Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers. Elsevier: Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo. ISSN 0378-3839; e-ISSN 1872-7379, meer

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Author keywords

Coastal; Flood risk; Integrated; Conceptual model; SPR

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Innovative coastal technologies for safer European coasts in a changing climate, meer

Auteurs		Top
Narayan, S., meer Nicholls, R.J., meer Clarke, D. Hanson, S., meer Reeve, D., meer Horrillo-Caraballo, J., meer	le Cozannet, G., meer Hissel, F., meer Kowalska, B., meer Parda, R. Willems, P., meer Ohle, N., meer	Zanuttigh, B., meer Losada, I., meer Ge, J. Trifonova, E., meer Penning-Rowsell, E., meer Vanderlinden, J.P., meer

Abstract

Coastal floodplains are complex regions that form the interface between human, physical and natural systems. This paper describes the development, application and evaluation of a conceptual foundation for quantitative integrated floodplain risk assessments using the recently-developed SPR systems model. The SPR systems model is a conceptual model that combines the well-established Source–Pathway–Receptor (SPR) approach with the concept of system diagrams. In comparison to the conventional approach, the systems model provides spatially explicit quasi-2D descriptions of the floodplain in terms of constituent elements and possible element linkages. The quasi-2D SPR, as it will henceforth be referred to in this paper, is not the final product of this work, but is an important intermediate stage which has been pursued as part of a wider European flood risk project THESEUS (www.theseusproject.eu). Further research is currently on-going to provide full quantification of the quasi-2D SPR, and to add further refinements such that hydraulic assessments could follow on easily and rapidly from the results of these appraisals.The first part of the paper synthesises current conceptual treatment of coastal floodplains and identifies areas for improvement in describing coastal floodplains as complex systems. The synthesis demonstrates that the conceptual foundation of a ‘typical’ flood risk study often achieves a less comprehensive and integrated description of the floodplain than the quantitative models which it informs. From this synthesis, the quasi-2D SPR is identified as a more robust and informative conceptual foundation for an integrated risk assessment. The quasi-2D SPR has been applied to seven European coastal floodplains as part of the THESEUS project. The second part of the paper discusses in detail the application of the quasi-2D SPR to three contrasting floodplain systems — an estuary, a coastal peninsula and a mixed open coast/estuary site. The quasi-2D SPR provides a consistent approach for achieving comprehensive floodplain descriptions that are individual to each coastal floodplain. These are obtained through a robust, participatory model-building exercise, that facilitates developing a shared understanding of the system. The constructed model is a powerful tool for structuring and integrating existing knowledge across multiple disciplines. Applications of the quasi-2D SPR provide key insights into the characteristics of complex coastal floodplains — insights that will inform the quantification process. Finally, the paper briefly describes the on-going quantitative extension to the quasi-2D SPR.

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