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Environmental impacts - marine ecosystems
Brander, K.M.; Ottersen, G.; Bakker, J.P.; Beaugrand, G.; Herr, H.; Garthe, S.; Gilles, A.; Kenny, A.; Siebert, U.; Skjoldal, H.R.; Tulp, I. (2016). Environmental impacts - marine ecosystems, in: Quante, M. et al. North Sea region climate change assessment. Regional Climate Studies, : pp. 241-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39745-0_8
In: Quante, M.; Colijn, F. (Ed.) (2016). North Sea region climate change assessment. Regional Climate Studies. Springer: Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-319-39743-6. xlv, 528 pp., meer
In: Regional Climate Studies. Springer: Berlin. ISSN 1862-0248; e-ISSN 1865-505X, meer
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Brander, K.M.
  • Ottersen, G.
  • Bakker, J.P., meer
  • Beaugrand, G., meer
  • Herr, H.
  • Garthe, S.
  • Gilles, A.
  • Kenny, A.
  • Siebert, U.
  • Skjoldal, H.R.
  • Tulp, I., meer
Abstract
    This chapter presents a review of what is known about the impacts of climate change on the biota (plankton, benthos, fish, seabirds and marine mammals) of the North Sea. Examples show how the changing North Sea environment is affecting biological processes and organisation at all scales, including the physiology, reproduction, growth, survival, behaviour and transport of individuals; the distribution, dynamics and evolution of populations; and the trophic structure and coupling of ecosystems. These complex responses can be detected because there are detailed long-term biological and environmental records for the North Sea; written records go back 500 years and archaeological records many thousands of years. The information presented here shows that the composition and productivity of the North Sea marine ecosystem is clearly affected by climate change and that this will have consequences for sustainable levels of harvesting and other ecosystem services in the future. Multi-variate ocean climate indicators that can be used to monitor and warn of changes in composition and productivity are now being developed for the North Sea.
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