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America’s first ‘refugee’ crisis’: the repatriation of stranded Americans from Europe at the outbreak of the First World War
Feys, T.; Sebak, P.K. (2018). America’s first ‘refugee’ crisis’: the repatriation of stranded Americans from Europe at the outbreak of the First World War. Journal of Tourism History 10(3): 225-246. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2018.1510435
In: Journal of Tourism History. Taylor & Francis: United Kingdom. ISSN 1755-182X; e-ISSN 1755-1838, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Author keywords
    Tourism and migration history, repatriation, transatlantic shipping
Auteurs  Top 
  • Feys, T., meer
  • Sebak, P.K.
Abstract
    In the early twentieth century, millions of passengers crossed the North Atlantic. The vast majority were migrants relocating to North America or returning to Europe; less known is the growing number of tourists comprising predominantly of affluent Americans heading for Europe. Organising this vast passenger traffic was a sophisticated and self-regulated passenger business dominated by British and German companies and organised in ‘shipping conferences’ (cartels). The sudden outbreak of war in 1914 caused severe disruption in the transatlantic passenger business, leaving many American tourists stranded in Europe. This article explores the little-known story of the shipping companies’ key role in repatriating these tourists to their homeland during the first months of the war.
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