[ meld een fout in dit record ]mandje (0): toevoegen | toon Print deze pagina
Is 'everything everywhere'? Unprecedented cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan flatworm Gyratrix hermaphroditus
Tessens, B.; Monnens, M.; Backeljau, T.; Jordaens, K.; Van Steenkiste, N.W.L.; Breman, F.C.; Smeets, K.; Artois, T.J.; Breman, F.C. (2021). Is 'everything everywhere'? Unprecedented cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan flatworm Gyratrix hermaphroditus. Zoologica Scri. 50(6): 837-851. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12507
In: Zoologica Scripta. Blackwell: Stockholm. ISSN 0300-3256; e-ISSN 1463-6409, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoorden
    Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 [WoRMS]; Platyhelminthes [WoRMS]; Rhabdocoela [WoRMS]
    Marien/Kust
Author keywords
    cosmopolitan species complexes; Platyhelminthes; Rhabdocoela; species delineation
Auteurs  Top 
  • Jordaens, K., meer
  • Van Steenkiste, N.W.L., meer
  • Breman, F.C., meer
Abstract
    Many nominal species of microscopic animals traditionally fitting the ‘everything is everywhere’ paradigm have been revealed to be complexes of cryptic species. Here, we explore species diversity within the micrometazoan flatworm Gyratrix hermaphroditus—unique among meiofauna because of its global occurrence in a wide variety of brackish, freshwater and marine environments. With maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, we analysed 18S, 28S, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA sequences from 401 specimens across the global distribution of G. hermaphroditus. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) methods delineated 78 and 62 putative species, respectively. This renders G. hermaphroditus one of the most species-rich complexes known to date. Based on shape variations of the male copulatory organ, 14 morphotypes corresponding with molecular clades were identified within the species complex. Within morphotypes, morphometric measurements were able to further discriminate between GMYC species using discriminant analyses. While most putative species occur on local or regional scales, over 10% are distributed over vast distances (>500 km apart) and two GMYC and six ABGD species have colonised multiple continents. This suggests that the cosmopolitanism of the G. hermaphroditus species complex is not just caused by mixing cryptic species with a more limited geographic distribution, but is due to the presence of previously unrecognised cosmopolitan taxa. The wide variation in distribution patterns between putative species indicates that meiofaunal biogeography should not be simplified into ‘everything is everywhere’, but rather entails every ecological state, extending from local endemism to true cosmopolitanism.
Alle informatie in het Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS) valt onder het VLIZ Privacy beleid Top | Auteurs 
IMIS is ontwikkeld en wordt gehost door het VLIZ.