Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica)

Linse, K.; Copley, J.T.; Connelly, D.P.; Larter, R.D.; Pearce, D.A.; Polunin, N.; Rogers, A.D.; Chen, C.; Clarke, A.; Glover, A.G.; Graham, A.G.C.; Huvenne, V.A.I.; Reid, W.D.K.; Roterman, C.N.; Sweeting, C.J.; Zwirglmaier, K.; Tyler, P.A.

doi:/10.1098/rsos.191501

Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica)

Linse, K.; Copley, J.T.; Connelly, D.P.; Larter, R.D.; Pearce, D.A.; Polunin, N.; Rogers, A.D.; Chen, C.; Clarke, A.; Glover, A.G.; Graham, A.G.C.; Huvenne, V.A.I.; Reid, W.D.K.; Roterman, C.N.; Sweeting, C.J.; Zwirglmaier, K.; Tyler, P.A. (2019). Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica). Royal Society Open Science 6(11): 191501. https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191501

In: Royal Society Open Science. The Royal Society: London. ISSN 2054-5703; e-ISSN 2054-5703, meer

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VLIZ: Open access 388599 [ download pdf ]

Trefwoorden

Gammaproteobacteria [WoRMS]
Marien/Kust

Author keywords

hydrothermal vents; chemosynthetic ecosystem; resurgent cone; stable isotopes; Gammaproteobacteria; biogeography

Auteurs		Top
Linse, K. Copley, J.T. Connelly, D.P. Larter, R.D. Pearce, D.A. Polunin, N.	Rogers, A.D., meer Chen, C. Clarke, A., meer Glover, A.G., meer Graham, A.G.C. Huvenne, V.A.I., meer	Reid, W.D.K. Roterman, C.N. Sweeting, C.J. Zwirglmaier, K. Tyler, P.A., meer

Abstract

Faunal assemblages at hydrothermal vents associated with island-arc volcanism are less well known than those at vents on mid-ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres. This study characterizes chemosynthetic biotopes at active hydrothermal vents discovered at the Kemp Caldera in the South Sandwich Arc. The caldera hosts sulfur and anhydrite vent chimneys in 1375–1487 m depth, which emit sulfide-rich fluids with temperatures up to 212°C, and the microbial community of water samples in the buoyant plume rising from the vents was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 12 macro- and megafaunal taxa depending on hydrothermal activity were collected in these biotopes, of which seven species were known from the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) vents and three species from vents outside the Southern Ocean. Faunal assemblages were dominated by large vesicomyid clams, actinostolid anemones, Sericosura sea spiders and lepetodrilid and cocculinid limpets, but several taxa abundant at nearby ESR hydrothermal vents were rare such as the stalked barnacle Neolepas scotiaensis. Multivariate analysis of fauna at Kemp Caldera and vents in neighbouring areas indicated that the Kemp Caldera is most similar to vent fields in the previously established Southern Ocean vent biogeographic province, showing that the species composition at island-arc hydrothermal vents can be distinct from nearby seafloor-spreading systems. δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotope values of megafaunal species analysed from the Kemp Caldera were similar to those of the same or related species at other vent fields, but none of the fauna sampled at Kemp Caldera had δ¹³C values, indicating nutritional dependence on Epsilonproteobacteria, unlike fauna at other island-arc hydrothermal vents.

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