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Scyphozoa Cornelius, P.F.S.; Jarms, G.; Hirano, Y.M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Scyphozoa, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 111-112
In: Costello, M.J.; Emblow, C.; White, R.J. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle: Paris. ISBN 2-85653-538-0. 463 pp., meer
In: Collection Patrimoines Naturels. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle: Paris. ISSN 1158-422X, meer
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The most helpful monograph is F. S. Russell’s (1970) superb treatise. A key to world genera was published more recently (Cornelius, 1997). Most, but not all, are shallow-water coastal species. However, Pelagia is open-ocean planktonic, and Stygiomedusa and Deepstaria are deep-water forms. Scyphomedusae are most speciose in the tropics. All major divisions are represented in Europe though few rhizostomes extend north of the Mediterranean Sea. One, Europe’s second largest invertebrate, Catostylus tagi, occurs in the Tajo estuary near Lisbon and from there southwards along the African coast, though the almost as huge Rhizostoma octopus is common at least as far north as southern Scotland and may exceptionally occur in Norwegian waters. The semaeostome Cyanea capillata may grow to approximately 2m diameter in continuous arctic daylight. A useful paper by Galil, Spanier & Ferguson (1990) describes and illustrates some immigrant species occurring in the Eastern Mediterranean. Of the Stauromedusae there is perhaps no European guide. NW European species were nicely summarised by J S Ryland (in Hayward & Ryland, 1990 (detailed), 1995 (abridged)). The European list that follows here was extracted by J. van der Land from a world list prepared by Dr Y. Hirano. A manuscript translation into English of the Stauromedusae section of the important book by Naumov (1961) is held in the library of the Natural History Museum, London. References |
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