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Het OWA, het open archief van het Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium heeft tot doel alle vrij toegankelijke onderzoeksresultaten van dit instituut in digitale vorm aan te bieden. Op die manier wil het de zichtbaarheid, verspreiding en gebruik van deze onderzoeksresultaten, alsook de wetenschappelijke communicatie maximaal bevorderen.

Dit archief wordt uitgebouwd en beheerd volgens de principes van de Open Access Movement, en het daaruit ontstane Open Archives Initiative.

Basisinformatie over ‘Open Access to scholarly information'.

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Closing the water cycle from observations across scales: where do we stand? Dorigo, W.; Dietrich, S.; Aires, F.; Brocca, L.; Carter, S.; Cretaux, J.-F.; Dunkerley, D.; Enomoto, H.; Forsberg, R.; Güntner, A.; Hegglin, M.I.; Hollmann, R.; Hurst, D.F.; Johannessen, J.A.; Kummerow, C.; Lee, T.; Luojus, K.; Looser, U.; Miralles, D.G.; Pellet, V.; Recknagel, T.; Vargas, C.R.; Schneider, U.; Schoeneich, P.; Schröder, M.; Tapper, N.; Vuglinsky, V.; Wagner, W.; Yu, L.; Zappa, L.; Zemp, M.; Aich, V. (2021). Closing the water cycle from observations across scales: where do we stand? Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 102(10): E1897-E1935. https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0316.1 In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society: Easton, Pa.. ISSN 0003-0007; e-ISSN 1520-0477, meer

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Beschikbaar in	Auteurs
VLIZ: Non-open access 378454 [ aanvragen ]

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Author keywords

Hydrologic cycle; Satellite observations; Surface fluxes; Surface observations; Water masses/storage; Water budget/balance

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Auteurs		Top
Dorigo, W., meer Dietrich, S. Aires, F. Brocca, L. Carter, S. Cretaux, J.-F. Dunkerley, D. Enomoto, H. Forsberg, R. Güntner, A. Hegglin, M.I.	Hollmann, R. Hurst, D.F. Johannessen, J.A. Kummerow, C. Lee, T. Luojus, K. Looser, U. Miralles, D.G., meer Pellet, V. Recknagel, T. Vargas, C.R.	Schneider, U. Schoeneich, P. Schröder, M. Tapper, N. Vuglinsky, V. Wagner, W. Yu, L. Zappa, L. Zemp, M. Aich, V.

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Abstract

Life on Earth vitally depends on the availability of water. Human pressure on freshwater resources is increasing, as is human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes is pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite of essential climate variables (ECVs), many related to the water cycle, required to systematically monitor Earth’s climate system. Since long-term observations of these ECVs are derived from different observation techniques, platforms, instruments, and retrieval algorithms, they often lack the accuracy, completeness, and resolution, to consistently characterize water cycle variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the capability of ground-based and remotely sensed observations of water cycle ECVs to consistently observe the hydrological cycle. We evaluate the relevant land, atmosphere, and ocean water storages and the fluxes between them, including anthropogenic water use. Particularly, we assess how well they close on multiple temporal and spatial scales. On this basis, we discuss gaps in observation systems and formulate guidelines for future water cycle observation strategies. We conclude that, while long-term water cycle monitoring has greatly advanced in the past, many observational gaps still need to be overcome to close the water budget and enable a comprehensive and consistent assessment across scales. Trends in water cycle components can only be observed with great uncertainty, mainly due to insufficient length and homogeneity. An advanced closure of the water cycle requires improved model–data synthesis capabilities, particularly at regional to local scales.

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