The list of European Echinodermata was compiled by Hans G. Hansson. It used the Echinoderm part of the compilers NEAT lists (available via Internet at address http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/taxa.html) as a starting point. NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa) are preliminary check-lists, covering Scandinavian marine animal taxa. The chapter by F.J. Fell on Echinodermata in Parker (1982) was used as the systematic framework. The asteroids are mainly listed from the recent monograph on Atlantic species by Clark & Downey (1992). Mortensen (1927) is used as a basal source for the other groups. Additions from several other sources have been made, and the electronic part of the Zoological Record (covering recent decades) has been utilised. However, examination of the reports from the large expeditions (except the Norwegian North Atlantic and the Ingolf) and other literature since WWII, may add to the species list.The compiler is generally interested in marine fauna, but is not a specialist on any Echinoderm taxon, so there are certainly several omissions and lapses in this draft list. The assistance of experts in groups of Echinodermata was thus invaluable. Dr Sabine Stöhr, Stockholm, assisted with ophiuroid names, Dr Claude Massin, Brussels, assisted with the holothurians and added 9 omitted species of this taxon to the list. Dr Andrey Gebruk, Moscow, together with his friends Alexander Mironov and Alexei Smirnov kindly helped with several corrections and additions to the holothurians, the crinoids, the echinoids and the genus Caulaster among the asteroids. Prof. Dusan Zavodnik, Rovinj, Croatia, provided severa1 corrections, new distribution notes (particularly for the Adriatic Sea area), information about synonyms, and added a few omitted species. Dr Mateo Garrido, Gran Canaria, provided additional records from the Canaries. Authors of most genus and species names in the list below have been found, and most often also the years of description, but with several exceptions. Also, some of the years of authority in this list may be wrong, because different sources often have different opinions regarding which year a certain species is described (e.g. gen. Poliometra Clark; the original publication: 1923, Neave: 1924, McKenzie in Howson & Picton 1997: 1913; in this case the year from the original publication must be correct). Thus, further study of the primary literature may improve the accuracy of this list. References- Belyaev G.M. & A.N. Mironov,1996. Starfishes Porcellanaster and Caulaster (Porcellanasteridae) from the Atlantic and the Antarctic. Zoologichesky zhurnal, 75 (6): 886 - 899 (In Russian, English summary).
- Brattegard, T & T. Holthe (Eds.). 1997. Distribution of marine, benthic macro-organisms in Norway. A tabulated catalogue. Preliminary edition. Reseach Report for DN, Nr. 1997-1. Trondheim. 409 pp. (Echinoderm chapters by T. Høisæter, T Brattegard & J.-A. Sneli, pp. 301-315).
- Clark, A.H. 1923. Crinoidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IV. Luno, Copenhagen. 58 pp.
- Clark, A.M. 1970. Echinodermata Crinoidea. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. 3. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo. 55 pp.
- Clark, A.M. & M.E. Downey 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall, London. 794 pp.
- D'yakonov, A.M. 1967. Ophiuroids of the USSR Seas. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem123 pp.
- D'yakonov, A.M. 1968. Sea Stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem183 pp.
- D'yakonov, A.M. 1969. Echinodermata, Vol. 1. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) No. 1. Fauna of Russia and adjacent Countries. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 265 pp.
- Fell, H.B. 1960. Synoptic Keys to the Genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington No. 26. 34 pp + literature index.
- Fiege, D. & Y. Liao 1996. Penilpidia ludwigi (Marenzeller, 1893) (Holothurioidea: Elpidiidae) rediscovered from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In: Uiblein, F., Ott,J., Stachowitsch, M. (Eds) Deep-sea and extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations. Biosystematics and Ecology Series, 11, 61-66.
- Gebruk, A.V. 1989. Revision of the family Pelagothuriidae (Holothurioidea, Elasipodida) with a review of swimming holothurians. Part 1. Revision of Pelagothuriidae. Zool. Zhurnal 68 (12): 5766. (In Russian, English summary).
- Gebruk, A.V., 1990. Deep-sea holothurians of the family Elpidiidae. Moscow, Nauka,160 p. [In Russian].
- Gulliksen , B. Palerud, R., Brattegard, T. & J.-A. Sneli, 1999. Distribution of marine benthic macro-organisms at Svalbard (including Bear Island) and Jan Mayen. Research report for DN 1999 - 4. 148 pp. Trondheim, Norway.
- Hansen, B, 1975. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Galathea Report, 13, 1-262.
- Heding, S.G. 1935. Holothurioidea I. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IV. Hagerup, Copenhagen. 84 pp + 8 plates.
- Heding, S.G. 1935 Echinoderms. Meddelelser om Grønland. Bd. 104, Nr. 13. 68 pp + 1 plate.
- Heding, S.G. 1936 Echinoderms. Meddelelser om Grønland. Bd. 108, Nr. 1. 34 pp.
- Heding, S.G. 1942. Holothurioidea II. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IV. Hagerup, Copenhagen. 39 pp + 2 plates.
- Heding, S.G. & A. Panning 1954. Phyllophoridae. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis XIII. 209 pp.
- Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton 1997 (Eds.). The Species Directory of the Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas. The Ulster Museum, Belfast & The Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye. 508 pp. (Echinoderm chapter by J.D. McKenzie, pp. 287-295).
- Høisæter, T. 1990. An annotated check-list of the echinoderms of the Norwegian coast and adjacent waters. Sarsia 75 : 83-106
- Kier P.M. & M. H. Lawson, 1978. Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970. Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 34 : vi+ 182 pp. (not yet seen)
- Madsen, F.J. 1947. The Echinoderms collected by the "Skagerak" expedition in the eastern Atlantic 1946. I. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea. Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar, Sjätte följden. Ser. B, Band 5. N:o 7. 16 pp.
- Madsen, F.J. 1987. The Henricia sanguinolenta complex (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) of the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters. A re-evaluation, with notes on related species. Steenstrupia 13 (5), pp. 201-268.
- Madsen, F.J. & B. Hansen 1994. Echinodermata Holothurioidea. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. 9. Scandinavian University Press. 143 pp.
- Miller, J.E and Pawson, D.L. 1990. Swimming sea cucumbers (Echinoderamata:Holothuroidea): a survey, with analysis of swimming behaviour in four bathyal species. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences, 35, 18p.
- Mironov A.N., 1974. Pourtalesiid sea urchins of the Antarctic and Subantarctic (Echinoidea: Pourtalesiidae). Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of oceanology, 98: 240 - 252. (In Russian, English summary).
- Mironov A.N.,1985. Circumcontinental zonation in distribution of Atlantic echinoids. Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of oceanology, 120, 70-95. (In Russian, English summary).
- Mironov A.N. 1995. Holasteroid echinoids. 2. Pourtalesia. Zoologichesky zhurnal, 74 (12), 59-75. (In Russian, English summary).
- Mironov A.N. 1997. Holasteroid echinoids. 4. Echinosigra. Zoologichesky zhurnal, 76, (2): 173-186. (In Russian, English summary).
- Mortensen, T. 1903. Echinoidea I. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IVa. Luno, Copenhagen. 183 pp + 21 plates.
- Mortensen, T. 1907. Echinoidea II. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IVa. Luno, Copenhagen. 200 pp + 19 plates.
- Mortensen, T. 1927. Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 471 pp.
- Mortensen, T. 1933. Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition. Vol. IV. Luno, Copenhagen. 121 pp + 3 plates.
- Neave, S.A. 1939-50. Nomenclator Zoologicus. Vol.1-5. The Zoological Society of London. + M.A. Edwards & A.T. Hopwood (Eds.) 1966 Vol. 6 + M.A. Edwards & H.G. Vevers (Eds.) Vol. 7.
- Parker, S.P. (Ed.) 1982. Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. 2 Vols. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1166 + 1232 pp.
- Paterson, G.L.J. 1985. The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the north Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology. 49 (1). 162 pp. (not seen)Pereira, Mariano Olivéiro Rego 1997. Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Açoreana 8 (3): 331-337.
- Picton, B.E. 1993. A Field Guide to the Shallow-water Echinoderms of the British Isles. Immel Publishing. 96 pp.
- Sherborn, C.D. 1902. Index Animalium sive index nominum quae ab a.d. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Sectio prima a kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCLVIII usque ad finem Decembris, MDCCC. C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Univ. Press, London. 1195 pp.
- Sherborn, C.D. 1922-32. Index Animalium sive index nominum quae ab a.d. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Sectio secunda a kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCCI usque ad finem Decembris, MDCCCL. The Trustees of the British Museum, London. 7056 + 1098 pp.
- Tortonese, E. 1965. Echinodermata. Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 6. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna. 422 pp.
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